Great Lakes Weather Citations

  1. Anderson, Eric J., Adam J. Bechle, Chin H. Wu, David J. Schwab, Greg E. Mann, and Kirk A. Lombardy. 2015.  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120: 8020-8038.  doi:10.1002/2015JC010883.
  2. Assel, Raymond A.  1999.  “Chapter 6 Great Lakes Ice Cover.”  From Potential Climate Change Effects on Great Lakes Hydrodynamics and Water Quality.  Edited by David C.L. Lam and William M. Schertzer.  American Society of Civil Engineers.  Reston, VA.  https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/pubs/fulltext/1999/19990016.pdf
  3. Bechle, Adam J. and Chin H. Wu.  2014.  “The Lake Michigan Meteotsunamis of 1954 Revisited.”  Nat   Hazards 74: 155-177.  doi: 10.1007/s11069-014-1193-5.
  4. Bechle, Adam J., Chin H. Wu, David A. R. Kristovich, Eric J. Anderson, David J. Schwab, and Alexander B. Rabinovich.  2016.  “Meteotsunamis in the Laurentian Great Lakes.”  Scientific Reports 6:37832.  doi:10.1038/srep37832.
  5. Bechle, Adam J., David A. R. Kistovich, and Chin H. Wu.  2015.  “Meteotsunami Occurrences and Causes in Lake Michigan.”  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 120: 8422-8438.     doi:10.1002/2015JC011317.
  6. Bergmaier, Philip T., and Bart Geerts. 2016. "Airborne Radar Observations of Lake-Effect Snowbands over the New York Finger Lakes." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 10: 3895-3914. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed May 18, 2017).  http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=122677905&site=ehost-live
  7. Carmichael, Wayne W. and Gregory L. Boyer.  2016.  “Health impacts from cyanobacteria harmful algae blooms: Implications for the North American Great Lakes.” Harmful Algae 54: 194-212.  doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.002.
  8. “Coast Guard Great Lakes: Official Blog of the 9th Coast Guard District.”  U.S Coast Guard.  2017.  Date accessed: June 2, 2017.  http://greatlakes.coastguard.dodlive.mil/
  9. “Coastal Erosion of Southern Lake Michigan.”  USGS.  December 5, 2016.  Date accessed: May 30, 2017.  https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/lake-michigan/
  10. “Data & Products: Real Time.” Great Lakes Sea Grant Extension Office @ Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory.  November 14, 2007.  Date accessed: June 2, 2017. 
    https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/
  11. “Dangerous Currents Home Page.” Michigan Sea Grant.  Date accessed: May 22, 2017.                  http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/dc/
  12. “Death’s Door.”  Wisconsin Shipwrecks.  2017.  Date accessed: June 1, 2017.                  http://www.wisconsinshipwrecks.org/learn/DeathsDoor
  13. Dolan, Michael and Paul Kimberly.  “Ice Volcanoes of Lake Superior’s South Shore.”  Michigan Tech Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences.  February 7, 2011.  Date accessed: June 5, 2017.  http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/ice/index.html
  14. “Do the Great Lakes Have Tides?”  NOAA National Ocean Service.  July 25, 2014.  Date accessed: May 23, 2017.  http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/gltides.html
  15. Farhadzadeh, Ali.  2017. A Study of Lake Erie seiche and low frequency water level fluctuations in the presence of surface ice.  Ocean Engineering 135: 117-136.   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.02.027
  16. “Flags, Logos, Pennants, Seals and Streamers.”  United States Coast Guard.  December 21, 2016.  Date accessed: July 21, 2017. 
  17. “Frequently Asked Questions: Harmful Algal Blooms.”  NOAA-Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab (GLERL).  May 24, 2017.  Date accessed: May 26, 2017.    https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/HABs_and_Hypoxia/faq.html
  18. “General History.”  Northern Michigan University.  2017.  Date accessed: May 31, 2017.                  https://www.nmu.edu/upperpeninsulastudies/general-history
  19. “Great Lakes Beach Hazards.”  National Weather Service.  N.p.  Date accessed: May 30, 2017.                  https://www.weather.gov/greatlakes/beachhazards
  20. Great Lakes Current Incident Database.  National Weather Service and Michigan Sea Grant.  Date accessed: May 22, 2017.  http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/dcd/dcdsearch.php
  21. “Great Lakes HABs and Hypoxia.”  Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL).  2017.  Date accessed: June 2, 2017.  https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/HABs_and_Hypoxia/
  22. “Great Lakes Ice Brochure.”  Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL).  2017.  Date accessed: June 5, 2017.  https://www.glerl.noaa.gov//pubs/brochures/ice/ice.pdf
  23. “Great Lakes Ice Cover.”  Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL).  May 26, 2017.  Date accessed: June 5, 2017.  https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/data/ice/
  24. “Great Lakes Ice Cover-Frequently Asked Questions.”  Great Lakes Environmental Research   Laboratory (GLERL).  May 26, 2017.  Date accessed: June 5, 2017.          https://www.glerl.noaa.gov//data/ice/#FAQs
  25. “Great Lakes Ice Products.”  National Weather Service (NWS).  N.p.  Date accessed: June 5, 2017.                  https://www.weather.gov/cle/greatlakesice
  26. “Great Lakes Lighthouses.”  Northern Lakes Lighthouses.  2017.  Date accessed: May 31, 2017.                  https://www.nmu.edu/upperpeninsulastudies/great-lakes-lighthouses
  27. “Great Lakes Portal.”  National Weather Service.  N.p.  Date accessed: May 30, 2017.                  https://www.weather.gov/greatlakes/
  28. “Great Lakes Shoreline Erosion.”  Michigan Department of Environmental Quality: Shorelands Protection and Management, Water Resources Division.  June 2016.  Date accessed: May 30, 2017.  https://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/deq-wrd-greatlakes-shorelands-highriskerosion-brochure_512877_7.pdf
  29. “Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB)-Associated Illness.”  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  May   27, 2016.  Date accessed: June 2, 2017.      https://www.cdc.gov/habs/prevention-control.html
  30. Hultquist, Thomas R., Michael R. Dutter, and David J. Schwab.  2006.  Reexamination of the 9-10 November 1975 “Edmund Fitzgerald” Storm Using Today’s Technology.  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 87: 607-622.  doi: 10.1175/BAMS-87-5-607.
  31. IJC Staff.  “They Come in Waves: Seiches and a Type of Tsunami Affect the Great Lakes.”  International Joint Commission (IJC).  October 23, 2014.  Date accessed: May 22, 2017.  http://www.ijc.org/en_/blog/2014/10/23/they_come_in_waves_seiches_tsunami/
  32. “Lake Effect Snow. “ Teaching Great lakes Science: Michigan Sea Gant.  N.p.  Date accessed: May 18, 2017.  http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/lessons/lessons/by-broad-concept/earth-science/lake-effect-snow/
  33. “Living With Weather: Winter Storms.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  2012-2016. Date accessed: May 16, 2017.            http://mrcc.purdue.edu/living_wx/winterstorms/index.html
  34. MacMahan, Jamie, Ad Reniers, Jenna Brown, Rob Brander, Ed Thornton, Tim Stanton, Jeff Brown, and Wendy Carey.  2011.  An Introduction to Rip Currents Based on Field Observations.  Coastal Education and Research Foundation: Journal of Coastal Research 27 (4): iii-vi.  doi:        http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00024.1
  35. McCartney, Anna.  Learn about your environment.  Erie Times-News.  January 13, 2009.  Date accessed: May 26, 2017.
    http://buffalonews.com/2014/10/18/oct-18-1844-great-flood-1844-devastates-buffalo/
  36. Meehan, Sara.  “Oct. 18, 1844: ‘Great flood of 1844’ devastates Buffalo.”  October 18, 2014.  Date accessed: May 26, 2017.    http://buffalonews.com/2014/10/18/oct-18-1844-great-flood-1844-devastates-buffalo/      
  37. “NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards.”  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 
  38. Noble, Dennis L.  Great Lakes: A Brief History of U.S. Coast Guard Operations.  Commandant’s Bulletin Bicentennial Series.  Coast Guard Public Affairs Staff.  1989.  Date accessed: May 30, 2017.   https://media.defense.gov/2017/Jun/27/2001769192/-1/-1/0/GREATLAKES.PDF  
  39. “Ohio Sea Grant Fact Sheets: Harmful Algal Blooms in Ohio Waters.”  NOAA; Sea Grant, The Ohio State University Extension, Ohio Department of Health, Ohio EPA, and Ohio Department of Natural Resources.2010.  Date accessed: May 18, 2017.      http://epa.ohio.gov/Portals/28/documents/HABs/Publications/HABBrochure.pdf
  40. Peake, Bryan.  Midwest Weekly Highlights-November 8-14, 2015.  2015.  Date accessed: May 25, 2017.  http://mrcc.purdue.edu/cliwatch/1511/week2.htm
  41. “Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  September 2013.  Date accessed: July 21, 2017.     http://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/ClimateSummary/Quarterly/2013/Q3_Jun_Jul_Aug/GL-201309Summer-Final.pdf
  42. “Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  March 2014.  Date accessed: July 21, 2017.     http://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/ClimateSummary/Quarterly/2014/Q1_Dec_Jan_Feb/GL-201403Winter_FINAL.pdf
  43. “Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  June 2014.  Date accessed: July 21, 2017.      http://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/ClimateSummary/Quarterly/2014/Q2_Mar_Apr_May/GL-201406Spring_FINAL.pdf
  44. “Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  September 2014.  Date accessed: May 30, 2017.          http://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/ClimateSummary/Quarterly/2014/Q3_Jun_Jul_Aug/GL-201409Summer_Final.pdf
  45. “Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  December 2014.  Date accessed: June 1, 2017.      http://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/ClimateSummary/Quarterly/2014/Q4_Sept_Oct_Nov/GL-201412Fall_Final_V2.pdf
  46. “Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  September 2015.  Date accessed: May 30, 2017.     http://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/ClimateSummary/Quarterly/2015/Q3_Jun_Jul_Aug/GL-201509Summer_FINAL.pdf
  47. “Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  December 2016.  Date accessed: June 5, 2017.      http://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/ClimateSummary/Quarterly/2016/Q4_Sept_Oct_Nov/GL-201612Fall_FINAL.pdf
  48. “Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  March 2017.  Date accessed: June 1, 2017.                    http://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/ClimateSummary/Quarterly/2017/Q1_Dec_Jan_Feb/GL-201703Winter_FINAL.pdf
  49. “Quarterly Climate Impacts and Outlook.”  Midwestern Regional Climate Center (MRCC).  June 2017.  Date accessed: July 21, 2017.                          http://mrcc.purdue.edu/files/ClimateSummary/Quarterly/2017/Q2_Mar_Apr_May/GL-201706Spring_FINAL.pdf
  50. Racklyeft, Jamie.  “Great Lakes Water Safety Consortium Releases Lifesaving Tips for a Safer Summer.”  June 7, 2016.  Date accessed” May 22, 2017.     http://greatlakeswatersafety.org/resources/
  51. “Rip Currents.” Minnesota Sea Grant.  April 7, 2015.  Date accessed: May 16, 2017.                  http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/coastal_communities/rip
  52. Selbig, Jonathan.  Sieches [sic] on the Great Lakes.  Michigan State University.  2017.  Date accessed: May 16, 2017.  http://geo.msu.edu/extra/geogmich/seiches.htm
  53. “Storm Surges, Seiches and Edge Waves.”   University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute.  2013.  Date accessed: May 15, 2017.         http://seagrant.wisc.edu/Home/Topics/CoastalEngineering/Details.aspx?PostID=694
  54. “Surges and Seiches.”  Michigan Sea Grant.   N.p.  Date accessed: July 19th, 2017.   http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/lessons/lessons/by-broad-concept/earth-science/surges-and-seiches-2/
  55. The Official Website of the U.S. Coast Guard’s Boating Safety Division.  U.S. Coast Guard.  June 2017.  Date accessed: June 2, 2017.  http://www.uscgboating.org/
  56. “The Story of the Edmund Fitzgerald.”  National Weather Service (NWS).  N.p.  Date accessed: May 31, 2017.  https://www.weather.gov/mqt/fitz_fitz
  57. “Types of Currents.” Michigan Sea Grant.  Date accessed: May 22, 2017.                  http://www.miseagrant.umich.edu/dc/types-currents/
  58. “What is a Harmful Algal Bloom?”  NOAA.  April 27, 2016. Date accessed: May 16, 2017.                 http://www.noaa.gov/what-is-harmful-algal-bloom
  59. “What is a Lake Effect Snow?”  National Weather Service.  N.p.  Date accessed: May 18, 2017.                  http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/winter/lake_effect_snow.shtml
  60. “What is a Meteotsunami?”  National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program.  August 2015.  Date accessed: May 25, 2017.  http://nws.weather.gov/nthmp/meteotsunamis.html 
  61. “What is a…Meteotsunami?”  NOAA and the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP). 2015.  Date accessed: May 17, 2017.   http://nws.weather.gov/nthmp/documents/meteotsunamis.pdf
  62. “What is a seiche?”  NOAA National Ocean Service.   October 29, 2015.  Date accessed: May 25, 2017.                  http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/seiche.html
  63. “WRN Rip Currents.”  NWS Weather Ready Nation (WRN).  N.p. Date accessed: June 1, 2017.                  http://www.ripcurrents.noaa.gov/
  64. “WRN Winter.”  NWS Weather Ready Nation (WRN).  N.p.  Date accessed: June 2, 2012.   
  65. Yaw, Christopher M. Rip Currents: What they are; The dangers; How to escape. Coast Guard Great Lakes: Official Blog of the 9th Coast Guard District.  May 23, 2013.  Date accessed: May 16, 2017.
    http://greatlakes.coastguard.dodlive.mil/2013/05/rip-currents-what-they-are-the-dangers-how-to-escape-2/
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